Comprehensive analysis of the impact of urban planning and emerging technologies on food environments and accessibility of healthy food in Lagos Island

The study carried out a comprehensive analysis of the impact of urban planning on food environments and accessibility of healthy food in Lagos Island, Nigeria. The research method used in the study was a qualitative one which involved administering of semi-structured interviews as well as review of policies on urban planning. These included physical structures and infrastructures that characterize urban areas, zoning policies, social and economic characteristics that are associated with urban areas, and food retail and markets, transport sectors, and policies on food in the urban areas. It was also ascertained that restrictive zoning ordinances, for example, weak transportation systems and available infrastructures highly limited the food’s accessibility especially in the low-income regions. Even though informal food markets helped to bring food within reach, they also created problems with regards to, for instance, sanitation as well as food safety regulations. This led to high prevalence of poverty that worsened food insecurity, making most households resort to foods that are inexpensive but rich in fats. The study further advised on zoning to allow the food markets and other markets within residential areas, transport upgrading, and informal sector vendor-supporting policies. Moreover, the discussion involved the idea of establishing urban farms, mobile food marts, and rent control. To address these challenges, emerging technologies such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS), artificial intelligence (AI), and machine learning can be leveraged to map food deserts, optimize zoning decisions, and enhance real-time tracking of food availability. Additionally, blockchain-based supply chain management and Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled smart logistics can improve food distribution efficiency, ensuring equitable access to healthy foods in underserved urban areas. It was recommended that future studies look at the effects of zoning reforms in addition to the role of digital technology on food availability in Lagos and other urban areas.