CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS OF LASER ABLATION IN BENIGN THYROID NODULES

Benign thyroid nodules are among the most common endocrine disorders, with prevalence influenced by age, sex, and iodine intake. While most nodules remain asymptomatic, approximately 10% may enlarge, leading to compressive symptoms or cosmetic concerns that require intervention. Surgery has long been the standard treatment but is associated with risks such as hypothyroidism, hypoparathyroidism, scarring, and postoperative complications. In recent years, minimally invasive techniques have emerged as effective alternatives. Among these, laser ablation has demonstrated significant clinical value. Evidence shows that LA achieves an average nodule volume reduction of 50–80% within 6–12 months, accompanied by relief of neck pressure, dysphagia, and cosmetic improvement. Long-term studies confirm that these effects are sustained for 3–10 years, with recurrence occurring in less than 5% of patients. Importantly, LA has a favorable safety profile, with an overall complication rate of 2–3%, most being mild and transient. Unlike surgery, LA preserves thyroid and parathyroid function, minimizing the risk of permanent hypothyroidism. Comparative analyses indicate that LA provides outcomes similar to surgery in symptom control, though radiofrequency ablation may offer slightly greater shrinkage in selected cases. Nevertheless, patient satisfaction following LA is consistently high, with most patients preferring this minimally invasive option over surgery. Current international guidelines now recognize thermal ablation, including LA, as a reliable and safe alternative for patients with symptomatic benign thyroid nodules.