Sustainable Artificial Intelligence: Research Directions and Energy-Aware Innovation in Electrical Engineering

This research-oriented article explores the intersection of artificial intelligence (AI) and sustainability from the perspective of electrical engineering. As AI systems grow in complexity and scale, their environmental and energy impacts become increasingly significant. The paper outlines key research directions focused on reducing the carbon and energy footprint of AI technologies. Topics include lifecycle assessments of AI infrastructure, development of Green AI benchmarks, ultra-low-power embedded systems, energy-aware hardware-algorithm co-design, and AI applications in smart grids and microgrids. This agenda supports the global shift toward responsible, energy-efficient innovation and aligns with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Goals 7, 9, and 13.