КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНЕ ПОРІВНЯННЯ КЛАСТЕРІВ, МЕРЕЖ ТА БІЗНЕС-ЕКОСИСТЕМ

The aim of this study is to systematize and comparatively analyze three models of interorganizational interaction – clusters, networks, and business ecosystems – by identifying their essential characteristics, similarities, and differences. The research methodology is based on a conceptual analysis of approximately 40 scientific sources, focusing on classical and modern definitions of these models to determine their distinctive features. The results reveal both commonalities (such as interdependence, diversity of participants, cooperation, and value co-creation) and significant differences in geographical concentration, industry scope, interaction mechanisms, and governance structures. The practical significance of the findings lies in providing a clearer conceptual framework for businesses to select appropriate development strategies, cooperation models, and transformation approaches, thus supporting more informed managerial decision-making.