ADVANCED APPLICATIONS AND CHALLENGES IN QUANTUM COMPUTING FOR MODERN PHYSICS

Quantum computing is advancing from a theoretical framework to a disruptive technology, with potential to reshape modern physics. Built upon principles of superposition, entanglement, and interference, quantum systems provide the computational power surpassing classical architectures in certain domains. This paper reviews advanced applications and open challenges of quantum computing with specific relevance to physics. Key areas explored include quantum simulation of physical systems, optimization in experimental design, machine learning for particle physics, and quantum-enhanced sensing. Alongside applications, the discussion highlights persistent barriers such as noise, decoherence, scalability, and algorithmic immaturity. By synthesizing foundational works [1–4] and recent breakthroughs [10–15], this article provides a balanced perspective on how quantum computing may evolve into a transformative instrument for solving frontier problems in condensed matter physics, astrophysics, and quantum field theory.