Fertilizer trees as a nature-based solution for soil restoration and food security in climate-stressed agroecosystems: a case study in Central Burkina Faso

ABSTRACT This study, conducted in Bazoulé, central Burkina Faso during the 2023/2024 seasons, evaluated the impact of three fertilizer trees – Albizia stipulata, Albizia lebbeck, and Gliricidia sepium – on soil quality and maize productivity, without the addition of organic or mineral fertilizers. Despite young trees and no complementary inputs or conservation practices, the results still showed promising improvements in yields and soils. A. stipulata consistently produced the highest maize grain yields (1.814 t/ha in 2023; 1.621 t/ha in 2024) and the greatest aboveground biomass (3.780 t/ha in 2023 and 3.264 t/ha in 2024). All fertilizer tree plots improved key soil properties, including organic carbon, nitrogen, available phosphorus, and cation exchange capacity. A. stipulata also enhanced soil pH (7.08) and water infiltration rates (1.21 cm/h versus 1.04 cm/h in the control). Meanwhile, G. sepium demonstrated strong hydrological performance, highlighting its complementary role. These results indicate that even young fertilizer trees can enhance soil fertility, crop productivity, and water retention under climate stress. The study recommends multiseason trials combining fertilizer trees and water conservation techniques, along with farmer training and localized climate monitoring. Overall, the findings promote fertilizer trees as a nature-based solution for food security and land restoration in the Sahel region.