Validation of LMS Development Instrument Based on Google Sites in Geography Subjects in High School

This study aims to validate the development instrument of a Google Sites-based Learning Management System (LMS) in Geography subjects at the high school level. The development of this LMS aims to improve the effectiveness of online learning with various advantages, such as time flexibility, integration with various Google applications, and a user-friendly interface. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D) with the Plomp model, with instrument validation carried out using the expert judgment approach and feasibility testing through Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The construct validity of the instrument was analyzed using Aiken’s V, with a V value of 0.82, which indicates that a V value of 0.82 > 0.600 falls into the valid category, meaning that the developed instrument has a high level of validity and is feasible for use. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the development of a Google Sites-based LMS as a more interactive and easily accessible learning tool for students.