Development and Comparative Evaluation of Polyherbal Formulations Comprising Herbal Extracts for Diabetes Management

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia resulting from impaired insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Although several synthetic drugs are available, their long-term use is often associated with adverse effects and limited efficacy in preventing complications. Herbal medicines, due to their multi-targeted actions, minimal side effects, and cultural acceptance, are increasingly explored for diabetes management. The present study aimed to develop and comparatively evaluate polyherbal formulations comprising extracts of Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek seeds), Azadirachta indica (Neem leaves), Cinnamomum verum (Cinnamon bark), Curcuma longa (Turmeric rhizomes), and Piper nigrum (Black pepper). These herbs have been traditionally reported to possess antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, and their synergistic effects in a polyherbal formulation may enhance therapeutic efficacy. Formulations were developed using standardized extracts and subjected to comparative evaluation of physicochemical properties, phytochemical profiling, and in vivo antidiabetic activity. The study provides scientific validation for the rational combination of selected herbal extracts and highlights the potential of polyherbal formulations as effective adjuncts in diabetes management.