The Elements of the Carrier's Liability in Successive Transport: A Comparative Legal Study

Transportation represents the most challenging task in trade at the international and national levels, as carriers contribute to the provision of raw materials, goods, and merchandise, and their transport from production sources to production sites and consumer markets. Successive transport is not usually carried out by a single carrier; The interconnectedness of commercial and economic activities today makes it impossible for a carrier, whether by land, sea, or air, to complete the transportation process alone. This has led to the emergence of new types of commercial transportation operations, through which people, goods, and raw materials are transported from one place to another across multiple stages and modes of transportation. The intended destination cannot be reached without passing through a series of successive transports. This raises the issue of liability resulting from mistakes in the transportation process and the method of compensating for damages resulting from such mistakes, as we aim to explain in detail in this study.