Teaching Thinking Beyond Species: Horses, Humans, and Artificial Intelligence

This paper explores the emergence of thinking as a cross-species phenomenon. Drawing from practical experiments with horses and theoretical parallels with artificial intelligence, it argues that thinking is not an exclusive human trait but a learnable process. Horses trained through problem-solving, symbolic recognition, and free interaction demonstrate the beginnings of cognition that goes beyond instinct. The discussion extends these insights to AI, suggesting that machines, like animals, can be guided not merely to perform tasks but to develop structures of thought.