A MODEL OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM IN AZERBAIJAN: RISKS, ADAPTATION STRATEGIES AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS

In the face of global environmental challenges, including climate change, ecosystem degradation, and unequal socio-economic development, sustainable tourism is increasingly recognized as a strategic tool for balanced growth. Azerbaijan, with its rich cultural heritage and unique natural resources—particularly the coastal ecosystem of the Caspian Sea—is undergoing a rethinking and adaptation of its tourism policy in line with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Glasgow Declaration on Climate Action in Tourism.This paper aims to develop a conceptual model of sustainable tourism in Azerbaijan, taking into account environmental, economic, and social risks. Special focus is given to adaptation strategies such as the implementation of ecological standards, local community involvement, digital tools, and diversification of tourism directions. The paper also analyzes existing barriers and potential opportunities for positioning Azerbaijan as a sustainable tourism destination. Emphasis is placed on the need for a systematic approach grounded in local realities and aligned with global ecological priorities, particularly in the context of the Caspian region.