Evaluation of chemical parameters in drinking water at White Nile State, Sudan during 2022-2023

The evaluation of the chemical parameters in the drinking water is an important task to evaluate the quality of water commonly with the physical and biological parameters. The aim of this study was to evaluate of the chemical parameters in drinking water at White Nile State (Kosti and Rabak Cities) during February 2022 and October 2023. Five random samples of drinking water were collected from each City. The quantity was 250 ml and were collected in 250 ml clean and aseptic plastic containers. Chemical tests involved: pH, Cl, bicarbonate (HCO3-), hardness, total dissolved solids TDS, sulphate (SO4-), and Ca++ following the standard devices, methods and solutions These tests were conducted in the Laboratories of University of Gezira. The tested chemical parameters of Kosti and Rabak drinking water samples collected during February 2022 showed that, all parameters were matched with the standards of quality, except, TDS of Rabak and Pb of both cities which exceeded the upper allowed limits. During Oct. 2022, Feb. 2023 and Oct. 2023, the obtained values were also matched with the standards of quality, except, hardness and Pb of both cities which exceeded the upper allowed limits, in addition to Chloride which was noticed to be significantly more concentration in Kosti city drinking water than Rabak drinking water. Cl, Hardness, TDS and Pb were the most serious problems in the White Nile drinking water. The quality evaluation for the drinking water, whatever the city, should be routine work, and the pollution sources should be detected and treated immediately.