THE HISTORY OF THE ACTIVITIES OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE IN THE UZBEK SSR

Due to its location along the Great Silk Road, Central Asia had attracted Russia’s attention since ancient times. This region, serving as an important hub connecting East and West, was naturally appealing for trade and exchange of goods, attracting merchants and scholars alike. Later, in the 19th century, the Russian Empire expanded its territories in Central Asia to ensure border security, while simultaneously gaining access to raw materials such as cotton. Rich in cotton and oil fields, Central Asia was vital for Russia’s economy. To promote the region’s economic development, study natural resources, establish administrative systems, and strengthen political control over the territory, the Russian Empire created scientific research institutes in Central Asia. Their research focused on agriculture, industry, geography, and ethnography, enabling Russia to better govern and exploit newly acquired lands. The Soviet government was particularly interested in studying the lands of the Uzbek SSR, which were rich in agricultural crops such as grain, vegetables, fruits, berries, and grapes. This article provides information on the scientific activities and achievements of research institutes and other organizations in the field of agriculture in the Uzbek SSR. Evidence is presented regarding the necessity of creating new types and varieties of crops, studying soil conditions, land fertility, and climate in certain regions of the republic, such as the Fergana Valley. The article also mentions factors hindering agricultural development, such as pests (insects), and notes that recommendations from institutes on combating them were often ignored by local authorities.