An Update to Cardiorenal Syndrome in Dogs

Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a complex disorder between the cardiovascular and renal systems and involves multiple dependent mechanisms related to fluid mechanics and adaptive responses leading to loss of function. There is more chance of effecting cardiovascular system direct or indirectly by kidney diseases such as left ventricular hypertrophy, iatrogenic complications, fluid volume dysregulation, electrolyte imbalance and systemic hypertension (Pouchelon et al., 2015). The bidirectional interactions between the heart and kidney either by functional and/or pathological which is important in dysfunction of one system leads to the dysfunction of other system. Dogs effected with renal system can lead to effect of cardiac system and vice versa. However, there is no well-defined studies in cardiorenal syndrome in dogs compared to the studies in individual systems (Orvalho & Cowgill, 2017).