Neuroimmune Interactions in Multiple Sclerosis: Mechanisms of Inflammation and Prospects for Therapy

Neuroinflammation is a central feature in the development and progression of multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying neuroinflammation in MS, focusing on the involvement of immune cells, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and the disruption of the blood-brain barrier. Furthermore, it summarizes current therapeutic strategies and highlights emerging approaches aimed at mitigating neuroinflammatory responses. By consolidating recent findings, this article seeks to enhance our understanding of the complex interplay between neuroinflammatory processes and MS pathogenesis, offering insights into potential therapeutic advancements.