Vespula germanica

Vespula germanica (Fabricius, 1793) Literature records Khalaf (1958); Derwesh (1965); Al-Ali (1977); Augul (2017). Material examined IRAQ: Kurdistan, Duhok, Bnavi village, 1498 m, 37.2477°N 43.3791°E, 7 June 2024, 2 ♀ (MSVI). Distribution United Kingdom, Ireland, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, France, Italy (including Sardinia and Sicily), Switzerland, Austria, Lichtenstein, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Romania, Moldova, Bulgaria, Albania, North Macedonia, Greece, Poland, Lithuania, Estonia, Belarus, Ukraine, Russia, Spain (including Balearic and Canary Islands), Portugal (including Azores), Malta, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Pakistan, India, Mongolia, China, Korea, introduced into Iceland, New Zealand, Australia, Ascension Islands, South Africa, Chila, Argentina, Canada, United States (Rahmani et al. 2020).