A physico-chemical analysis of different brands of diclofenac-sodium tablets found in the Gaborone market

Background: Diclofenac sodium (DCF), a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), exhibits analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory properties and is commonly used in Botswana's healthcare system both as over the counter and prescription medication. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical properties, pharmaceutical equivalence, and compliance of three DCF 50 mg tablet brands (S1, S2, S3) with pharmacopeial standards to ensure quality, safety, and efficacy. Methodology: Eighty coated tablets per brand were assessed for weight variation, hardness, friability, disintegration time, and active ingredient content as stipulated by compendial standards. Results: All brands complied with USP weight uniformity standards, with significant variations among brands (P<0.05). Friability was within acceptable limits (<1%) for all brands. Active ingredient content ranged from 99.6% (S1) to 104.7% (S3), with no significant purity differences among brands (P>0.05). Disintegration times were 11.42 min (S1), 22.12 min (S2), and 6.44 min (S3), meeting USP limits. Overall, all tested brands complied with USP quality standards, with S1 demonstrating superior physicochemical properties compared to S2. Conclusion: These findings affirm the quality of diclofenac sodium tablets available in Botswana, supporting their safe and effective use in public health.