Beyond The Empty Cranium: A Case of Hydranencephaly

ABSTRACT Hydranencephaly is a rare congenital post-neurulation disorder characterized by destruction of the cerebral hemispheres, which are replaced by cerebrospinal fluid within a membranous sac. [1] We report a 4-month-old male infant with features of developmental delay, macrocephaly, hypertelorism, hypertonia, and failure to thrive, subsequently diagnosed with hydranencephaly. Neuroimaging confirmed the absence of cerebral hemispheres with preservation of midline structures. This report emphasizes the clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, and poor prognosis associated with this rare entity. Keywords: Hydranencephaly, Macrocephaly, Developmental delay, Infant, Neuroimaging