PHARMACOVIGILANCE FOR COMBINATION THERAPIES AND POLY- PHARMACY: ADDRESSING THE COMPLEXITY OF DRUG-DRUG AND DRUG-DISEASE INTERACTIONS

In a variety of medical specialties, including infectious diseases, oncology, and geriatrics, polypharmacy and combination therapy are growing in popularity. These methods increase the likelihood of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) even while they increase the options for treatment. It can be difficult to identify drug- disease interactions (DDSIs) and drug-drug interactions (DDIs) in post-marketing contexts since they can occur through pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamics processes. The intricate interaction of several medications and patient comorbidities causes high-dimensional but sparse safety signals in real-world datasets, which is the source of this challenge. Modern Pharmacovigilance must combine traditional techniques—like disproportionality analysis and spontaneous reporting—with sophisticated real-world evidence analytics, mechanistic pharmacology insights, clinical decision support tools, and structured interventions like medication reviews and targeted prescribing in order to meet these challenges.