Enabling digital transformation in food manufacturing SMEs : Key drivers, barriers, and strategic frameworks

Digital Transformation (DT) is a pivotal strategy for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the food manufacturing sector, driving productivity improvements, supply chain optimisation, and adaptability to evolving consumer demands. Despite these benefits, SMEs face substantial challenges in adopting DT, including technological limitations, financial constraints, organisational resistance, and regulatory complexities. This study employs a systematic literature review (SLR) methodology to synthesise existing research on the drivers, barriers, and theoretical frameworks influencing DT adoption in food manufacturing SMEs. Key findings reveal that operational efficiency, innovation, and market competitiveness serve as primary drivers, while resource constraints and stringent compliance requirements remain significant obstacles. Theoretical frameworks such as the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) model, Diffusion of Innovation (DOI), Resource-Based View (RBV), and Dynamic Capabilities provide critical insights but require sector-specific adaptation to address unique challenges. This review emphasises the need for customised strategies, including financial support, capacity building, and scalable technologies, to overcome barriers and enable effective DT adoption. The findings offer actionable recommendations for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers to empower SMEs to achieve sustainable and competitive digital transformation in the food manufacturing industry.