Методологічні основи синтезу системи управління групою (роєм) безпілотних літальних апаратів

Formulation of the problem in general. In a dynamic tactical (operational) environment and with active opposition from the enemy, the effective functioning of a control system for a group (swarm) of uncrewed aerial vehicles is impossible without an adaptive and stable control system. Managing such a system involves coordinating the actions of uncrewed aerial vehicles, maintaining network topology, ensuring communication quality, and responding to changing conditions. The object of the study is the process of managing the functioning of a group (swarm) of uncrewed aerial vehicles, built based on the interaction of a set of autonomous aerial platforms that ensure the collective performance of assigned tasks. The article's purpose is to develop methodological foundations for synthesising a control system for a group (swarm) of uncrewed aerial vehicles to ensure the performance of tactical and operational tasks by the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Research methods. A set of theoretical and applied research methods was used to prepare the article, particularly analysis, synthesis, generalisation, and a systematic approach. The analysis method was used to study the structure, functional features, and architecture of control systems for a group (swarm) of uncrewed aerial vehicles. The synthesis method made it possible to build a generalised model of the control system synthesis and determine its primary functions, tasks, principles, and architectural options. The systematic approach provided a comprehensive view of the interaction of functional subsystems – communication, navigation, diagnostic, and executive—in a changing environment and under enemy influence. In addition, the study considers modern technological solutions, particularly the use of decentralised algorithms, artificial intelligence, and self-organised networks, which ensure survivability, scalability, and adaptability. Literature review. After analysing the publications of leading researchers in the field of unmanned aerial vehicle control systems, it was determined that there are no systematic works in the available sources that reflect the complexity and phased approach to solving the problem of synthesising a control system for a group (swarm) of uncrewed aerial vehicles. Research results. The article discusses key aspects of the synthesis and functioning of control systems for groups (swarms) of uncrewed aerial vehicles. It examines the topic's relevance, analyses the latest achievements in this field, and describes in detail the sequence of synthesis stages: analysis of initial data, principles of control system design, its architecture, main functions, models, and control algorithms. A classification of unmanned aerial vehicle group (swarm) control tasks is presented, covering their division by stages, objects of influence, purpose, functional purpose, architecture, and mathematical formulation. The methodological foundations for synthesising a control system for swarms (groups) of uncrewed aerial vehicles have been developed, considering the architectures of interaction models. Particular attention is paid to decentralised models of interaction and coordination of unmanned aerial vehicle actions. An approach has been proposed that comprehensively reflects the structure of the unmanned aerial vehicle swarm control process. The prospects for the development and application of such systems have been identified. Research novelty. The paper presents the first methodological framework for synthesising an unmanned aerial vehicle swarm control system that combines the capabilities of centralised, decentralised, and hybrid architectures. This approach allows for a systematic representation of the control process structure and ensures a targeted selection of appropriate models and methods at each level of the system's operation. Theoretical and practical significance. The article defines the methodological foundations for synthesising a control system formed by a group (swarm) of uncrewed aerial vehicles, which makes it possible to create an effective intelligent control system for military purposes. The main synthesis stages are highlighted, and the goals, functions, and control tasks are formulated, providing a structured basis for building adaptive and scalable control systems in combat conditions. The practical significance of the results obtained lies in the possibility of creating, based on the proposed methodological approaches, control algorithms for their implementation in software and hardware complexes for organising the work of unmanned aerial vehicle swarms, which will increase their stability, scalability, and effectiveness in military operations at all levels. A promising direction for further research is the integration of artificial intelligence algorithms into a multi-agent control system for a group (swarm) of uncrewed aerial vehicles to increase their level of autonomy and adaptability. Conclusion and future work. The proposed approach makes it possible to comprehensively reflect the structure of the unmanned aerial vehicle swarm management process, ensure the coordination of all swarm elements, and create conditions for improving the effectiveness of tactical and operational tasks in the dynamic conditions of modern combat operations. A crucial direction for future research involves further implementing artificial intelligence algorithms within the multi-agent control system for unmanned aerial vehicle groups (swarms). This integration promises to enhance the capabilities of these systems significantly.