Small modular reactor technology assessment in the Philippines towards decarbonization

This study evaluates the integration of Small Modular Reactor (SMR) technologies into the Philippines' energy framework to address rising energy demand, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and achieve a sustainable low-carbon future. Utilizing the International Atomic Energy Agency’s Reactor Technology Assessment (IAEA’s RTA) methodology, five SMR technologies—BWRX-300, HTR-PM, NuScale, RITM-200N, and SMART—were assessed against ten key elements (KEs). The evaluation employed the Simple Multi-Attribute Rating Technique (SMART) to assign weights and scores to each KE based on national policy priorities. High-priority national objectives include ensuring nuclear safety, transitioning to low-carbon energy systems, promoting stable and affordable power, and establishing robust legal and regulatory frameworks. The BWRX-300 emerges as the most suitable option, scoring highest in site adaptability, safety, seismic resilience, and compatibility with the Philippines’ diverse geographic and grid conditions. Its modular design and passive safety systems make it particularly well-suited for deployment in the country’s seismically active and archipelagic environment. Monte Carlo simulations highlighted the sensitivity of the RTA scoring process to variations in environmental parameters, underscoring the importance of accurate assessments. These findings offer a robust framework for informed decision-making, positioning nuclear energy as a key component in the Philippines' sustainable energy strategy.