Patient Derived Tumoroids and Humanized Mice: 4th International Conference on 3Rs, Hyderabad, 2024

Abstract As precision medicine and personalized therapies guide biomedical research, patient-derived tumoroids and humanized mice provide pioneering insights into tumor biology and drug responses. The 4th International Conference on 3Rs Research and Progress, held in Hyderabad in 2024, rooted in the principles of the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement), explored innovative alternatives in biomedical research focusing on patient-derived tumoroids and humanized mice. The event featured talks across three primary sessions, with focus on invitro models, the evolution of 2D to 3D cell culture systems, patient-derived tumoroids, and the role of humanized mice in preclinical studies. Researchers highlighted the limitations of traditional 2D cell cultures and animal models, advocating for 3D cell culture systems which mimic the human tumormicroenvironment. Humanized mice with functional human immune system were discussed as a promising bridge between traditional animal models and human clinical outcomes. The conference culminated in an engaging “Us Vs Them” debate- style panel, comparing and contrasting the merits of invitro models and humanized mice, stimulating conversation on the future direction of preclinical research. The event showcased the ongoing shift towards more human- relevant models, demonstrating the global commitment to 3Rs principles in modern research, promoting ethical and scientifically robust alternatives to traditional animal experimentation. Keywords: Tumoroids; Humanized Mice; Organoids; Tumor Microenvironment