Pharmaceutical Perspectives on Semaglutide: Formulation Drug Delivery and Clinical Applications

A glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA), semaglutide, has become a key treatment for obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Significant weight reduction is induced, glycaemic management is improved, and the risk of serious adverse cardiovascular events is decreased. Semaglutide comes in injectable (Ozempic®, Wegovy®) and oral (Rybelsus®) formulations. It has good pharmacokinetic qualities, such as a long half-life and high bioavailability, which permits once-weekly dosage. Its mode of action, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME), clinical indications, therapeutic efficacy, side effects, and safety considerations are all reviewed in this article benefits, and we provide insights into future directions where artificial intelligence-driven drug carrier design, personalized nanomedicine, and combination therapies may play pivotal roles in next-generation cancer treatment. Collectively, these nanotechnologies represent a paradigm shift in oncology, moving toward precision, personalization, and reduced treatment burden.