Therapeutic Effects of Photobiomodulation and Electrical Stimulation on Xerostomia: A Recent Evidence-Based Review

Objective: This study compared and analyzed the effectiveness of recent interventions for xerostomia, including photobiomodulation (PBM), electrical stimulation, and pharmacotherapy. Methods: A systematic review of clinical trials and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between 2023 and 2025 was conducted, summarizing protocols (wavelength, session number, treatment duration) and clinical outcomes (symptom improvement rate, changes in salivary flow). Results: PBM and electrical stimulation were highly safe and demonstrated significant improvements in salivary flow and symptom relief, whereas pharmacotherapy showed the greatest overall improvement. These findings provide a foundation for patient-tailored treatment strategies. Conclusion: Etiology-specific customization and multimodal combination therapy are key, with protocol standardization and accumulation of long-term evidence critical for clinical guideline advancement.