EXPERIENCES OF IMMIGRANTS, REFUGEES, AND ASYLUM-SEEKERS IN ACCESSING HEALTHCARE SERVICES. A SCOPING REVIEW

ABSTRACT Objective: To synthesize and analyze the existing literature on the healthcare experiences of immigrants, refugees, and asylum seekers (IRAS), identifying the barriers and facilitators to healthcare access in various global contexts. The review aims to inform policy and practice for developing more inclusive healthcare systems that address the specific needs of these populations. Methods: Employing the JBI methodology for scoping reviews, this study conducted a comprehensive analysis of literature from 2013 to 2023. The search spanned seven major databases and grey literature sources. 24 studies were included after a rigorous selection process, following predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were extracted using an adopted JBI data extraction tool template and quality was assessed using the JBI critical appraisal tools. Results: The review identified significant barriers to healthcare access for IRAS, categorized into structural and systemic issues, financial constraints, cultural and linguistic challenges, and personal and interpersonal barriers. Despite these challenges, instances of positive experiences were also documented, emphasizing the value of culturally sensitive care and community support. The review highlighted the critical role of policy reforms in improving healthcare accessibility and equity for IRAS. Conclusion: The healthcare experiences of IRAS are marked by a complex array of barriers that hinder their access to necessary services. Addressing these challenges requires a multifaceted approach that encompasses policy reform, enhanced cultural competence among healthcare providers, and greater community involvement. By implementing these strategies, healthcare systems can move toward more equitable and inclusive practices, ultimately improving the health outcomes and integration of IRAS into their new communities.