HAWC, VERITAS, Fermi-LAT and XMM-Newton follow-up observations of the unidentified ultra-high-energy gamma-ray source LHAASO J2108+5157

We report observations of the ultra-high-energy gamma-ray source LHAASO J2108+5157, utilizing VERITAS, HAWC, Fermi-LAT, and XMM-Newton. VERITAS has collected ∼ 40 hours of data that we used to set ULs to the emission above 200 GeV. The HAWC data, collected over ∼ 2400 days, reveal emission between 3 and 146 TeV, with a significance of 7.5 σ, favoring an extended source model. The best-fit spectrum measured by HAWC is characterized by a simple power-law with a spectral index of 2.45 ± 0.11ₛₜₐₜ. Fermi-LAT analysis finds a point source with a very soft spectrum in the LHAASO J2108+5157 region, consistent with the 4FGL-DR3 catalog results. The XMM-Newton analysis yields a null detection of the source in the 2 - 7 keV band. The broadband spectrum can be interpreted as a pulsar and a pulsar wind nebula system, where the GeV gamma-ray emission originates from an unidentified pulsar, and the X-ray and TeV emission is attributed to synchrotron radiation and inverse Compton scattering of electrons accelerated within a pulsar wind nebula. In this leptonic scenario, our X-ray upper limit provides a stringent constraint on the magnetic field, which is ≲ 1.5 µG.