ВПЛИВ ГЛОБАЛЬНИХ ТЕНДЕНЦІЙ РОЗВИТКУ СВІТОВОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ НА МАКРОЕКОНОМІЧНУ СИСТЕМУ УКРАЇНИ

The article examines the impact of global trends in the development of the world economy on the macroeconomic system of Ukraine. The main causes of financial crises are analyzed, in particular, structural changes, financial market failures, shortcomings in the work of rating agencies, the absence of a systemic risk regulator and risk management problems. Particular attention is paid to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on inflation, unemployment and the level of poverty in the world. The dynamics of the global poverty index indicators in the period 2014–2024 with a forecast until 2030 are analyzed. It is found that they demonstrate a generally positive trend towards a decrease in the absolute number of people living in extreme poverty. Despite global shocks, including the pandemic, inflationary shocks and regional conflicts, after 2021 there is a gradual restoration of positive dynamics. The authors analyzed the dynamics of import quota indicators and import volumes of Ukraine, the Eurozone and the world over the past 10 years. Imports in Ukraine are highly sensitive to domestic politics and external shocks. Eurozone imports are stable, deeply integrated into the global economy, and less susceptible to shocks than Ukrainian imports. Global trade is growing overall, but is becoming increasingly dependent on geopolitics and regional conflicts. It is proven that quotas act as both a support and a protection tool, playing an increasingly important role in the new architecture of world trade. The degree of Ukraine’s integration into the world economy is assessed using the globalization and economic freedom indices, and the dynamics of the country’s imports are analyzed in comparison with the Eurozone and the world market. It is found that Ukraine has a high level of dependence on external economic factors, which requires adaptive policies in the field of international trade and macroeconomic management.