The Impact of Parental Smoking Behavior and Cigarette Expenditure on Toddler Well-Being and Family Mental Health: A Qualitative Study Post Kabar Besti Program

Background: Parental smoking behavior has complex impacts, including economic pressures and adverse effects on toddler health, such as increased risk of stunting. The Kabar Besti program was introduced as a health promotion intervention aimed at reducing smoking among families with toddlers. However, its effects on family mental health have not been extensively studied. Objective: This qualitative study explores changes in parental smoking patterns, shifts in cigarette expenditures, and their impacts on toddler well-being and family mental health following the implementation of the Kabar Besti program in Sleman, Yogyakarta. Methods: Using the Rapid Assessment Procedure (RAP), a qualitative research approach, seven participants were involved: three key informants (parents) and four triangulation informants, including health workers and community leaders. Participants were selected via purposive sampling. Data collection involved interviews and observations. Results: The program contributed to reduced cigarette consumption and increased health awareness. Fathers with toddlers redirected spending toward nutrition and savings and reduced smoking at home and near children. Despite these positive changes, some parents experienced psychological burdens related to nicotine dependence, financial stress, and interpersonal conflicts. Parental mental health significantly influenced parenting practices and toddlers’ psychological well-being. Emotional and economic support emerged as protective factors, helping stabilize family dynamics post-intervention.