On rational and real elements in a class of Lie groups

For a class of groups $G$ over a field $\mathbb{F}$, including certain Lie groups, Algebraic groups and finite groups, we develop a general method to determine rational and real elements, thereby unifying earlier group-specific results into a wider framework. As an application, we classify all real and rational elements in the semidirect product ${\rm SL}(2,\mathbb{R}) \ltimes \mathrm{Sym}^n(\mathbb{R}^2)$. Furthermore, for affine groups of the form ${\rm GL}(n,\mathbb{R}) \ltimes \mathbb{R}^n$, we show that if $x \in {\rm GL}(n,\mathbb{R})$ is rational, then $(x,v)$ is rational for every $v \in \mathbb{R}^n$.