Comparing Calculations of Seasonal Variations of Atmospheric Muons in Deep Underground Detectors

Cosmic rays interact with nuclei in the Earth's atmosphere to produce extensive air showers, which give rise to the atmospheric muon flux. Temperature fluctuations in the atmosphere influence the rate of muons measured in deep underground experiments. This contribution presents predictions of the daily muon flux at a depth of 2000 m.w.e., calculated using MUTE, a software tool which combines MCEq, a numerical solver of the matrix cascade equations in the atmosphere, with PROPOSAL, a propagation code for leptons in matter. The flux estimates are obtained assuming different cosmic-ray flux and hadronic interaction models. The results are compared to previous approaches, based on different methods, to calculate seasonal variations of atmospheric muons in deep underground detectors.

Publication Details

Journal
ArXiv.org
Published
2025-08-25
Primary Topic
Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping
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article

Comparing Calculations of Seasonal Variations of Atmospheric Muons in Deep Underground Detectors

ArXiv.org
Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping
article

Comparing Calculations of Seasonal Variations of Atmospheric Muons in Deep Underground Detectors

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Abstract

Cosmic rays interact with nuclei in the Earth's atmosphere to produce extensive air showers, which give rise to the atmospheric muon flux. Temperature fluctuations in the atmosphere influence the rate of muons measured in deep underground experiments. This contribution presents predictions of the daily muon flux at a depth of 2000 m.w.e., calculated using MUTE, a software tool which combines MCEq, a numerical solver of the matrix cascade equations in the atmosphere, with PROPOSAL, a propagation code for leptons in matter. The flux estimates are obtained assuming different cosmic-ray flux and hadronic interaction models. The results are compared to previous approaches, based on different methods, to calculate seasonal variations of atmospheric muons in deep underground detectors.

ArXiv.org
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Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping
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Comparing Calculations of Seasonal Variations of Atmospheric Muons in Deep Underground Detectors · ArXiv.org (2025) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS