Use of Hydroponics and Aquaponics in Urban Vegetable Farming

Biological control the harnessing of living organisms and their natural interactions to suppress pest populations has grown from a niche practice into a cornerstone of sustainable pest management. This article reviews contemporary trends in biological control of insect pests, highlights practical successes and challenges, and looks ahead to promising directions in research, technology, and policy. Emphasis is placed on the diversity of agents (microbial, parasitoid, predator, nematode, botanical), deployment strategies (conservation, augmentation, classical introductions, sterile insect technique), and the integration of biological control into holistic crop management systems. We close by sketching realistic future scenarios: smarter formulations, precision release strategies, and socially attuned regulatory pathways that could make biological control more accessible and reliable for farmers worldwide.