DIAGNOSIS OF PATHOLOGICAL MYOPIA: MODERN APPROACHES AND TECHNOLOGIES (LITERATURE REVIEW)

Resume. Myopia is among the leading causes of visual impairment globally. High myopia and its pathological variants are associated with an increased risk of severe ocular complications, including myopic maculopathy, posterior staphyloma, vitreoretinal traction, and choroidal neovascularization. This review summarizes current insights into the classification of myopia, elucidates the mechanisms underlying its progression, and outlines diagnostic and prognostic criteria relevant to pathological myopia. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of posterior staphyloma in the development of degenerative fundus changes and its correlation with axial elongation of the eyeball. Recent clinical studies underscore the critical importance of optical coherence tomography and other advanced imaging modalities for the early detection of myopia-related complications. The article also discusses emerging strategies for the prevention and management of pathological myopia, aiming to reduce the incidence of irreversible retinal damage and enhance the quality of life in affected individuals. Keywords: Pathological myopia,myopic maculopathy, posterior staphyloma, chorioretinal neovascularization, retinoschisis, optical coherence tomography, retinal detachment