Urban–Rural Energy Gaps: Investigating the Contribution of Natural Gas to Equitable Poverty Reduction in Nigeria

Access to energy is a vital factor in reducing poverty and achieving sustainable livelihoods in developing countries. In Nigeria, the potential of natural gas to improve living conditions is substantial; however, its use is unevenly spread across urban and rural areas. This research examines the role of natural gas adoption in promoting equitable poverty alleviation in Nigeria, employing a mixed-methods approach that combines household surveys, logistic regression analysis, and thematic analysis. Findings indicate that the use of natural gas is significantly influenced by income levels, educational attainment, and geographical location, with urban areas exhibiting markedly higher adoption rates. Regression analysis reveals a statistically significant and positive correlation between natural gas adoption and poverty reduction. Concurrently, qualitative insights reveal systemic obstacles, including inadequate infrastructure and cost issues, particularly in rural areas. The study concludes that while natural gas has considerable potential as a tool for reducing poverty, its effectiveness is compromised by uneven access to it. Policy suggestions include expanding infrastructure, providing targeted financial support, implementing awareness initiatives, and adopting comprehensive policy approaches to ensure broad access and promote rural development.