Association between Smartphone Induced Text Neck Syndrome and respiratory function in young adults_A cross sectional study

Abstract Background The phenomenon of excessive smartphone use is consistently associated with changes in cervical posture, also known as Text Neck Syndrome, which is characterized by a diminished craniovertebral angle (CVA) and a head-forward posture. While research has focused on its musculoskeletal consequences—pain, stiffness, and fatigue—there is a research gap regarding its effects on breathing. Within the context of posture, changes in cervical alignment could potentially restrict the mobility of the thorax, the efficiency of the diaphragm, and the mechanics of the lungs, thus impairing lung function. Objective: The goal of this study was to assess the impact of smartphone-induced Text Neck Syndrome on the respiratory function of young adults. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 university students (mean age 22.4 ± 2.3 years). Participants were categorized into a Text Neck group (n = 50) and a Non-Text Neck group (n = 50) based on their CVA measurements, as determined via digital photogrammetry. Data was collected using a non-probability convenience sampling technique. Pulmonary function was assessed using standardized spirometry, including Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1), and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR). Normality was evaluated using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Independent t-tests and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for group comparisons, and Spearman's rank correlation was used to identify correlations between respiratory parameters and CVA. Results: This research aims to define the following: Students with Text Neck demonstrated significantly lower lung function values compared to those with normal posture. Specifically, FVC (p = 0.02), FEV1 (p = 0.01), and PEFR (p = 0.04) were all reduced in the Text Neck group. CVA was significantly lower (p < 0.001), and smartphone use duration was significantly higher (p = 0.008) in the Text Neck group. Spearman correlation analysis showed strong positive associations between CVA and respiratory outcomes: FVC (ρ = 0.42, p = 0.001), FEV1 (ρ = 0.39, p = 0.002), and PEFR (ρ = 0.33, p = 0.01). Conclusion: The results unequivocally show that young adults’ pulmonary function is adversely affected by smartphone-induced Text Neck Syndrome. Cervical posture is a significant determinant of lung health, as evidenced by the consistent association between reduced CVA and compromised respiratory outcomes. To reduce the musculoskeletal and respiratory risks associated with excessive smartphone use, preventive measures such as posture education, ergonomic awareness, and corrective exercise programs may be crucial. Keywords: Text Neck Syndrome, Craniovertebral Angle, Smartphone Use, Pulmonary Function, Spirometry, Young Adults