Pinetox: Valorization of Pineapple Waste for Sustainable Product Development in Kelantan, Malaysia

Pineapple cultivation represents a key agricultural activity in Malaysia, with Kelantan emerging as an important production hub. However, a significant proportion of the harvest is lost due to cosmetic rejection, deteriorating, and post-harvest spoilage, while additional waste is generated through small-scale processing enterprises. This study investigates the potential of valorizing these underutilized resources through the development of Pinetox, a functional nutraceutical beverage formulated from pineapple waste. A market feasibility analysis was conducted using secondary data from national and regional agencies, complemented by global market intelligence reports. The study employed value chain mapping, SWOT analysis, and sustainability assessment to evaluate the commercial, environmental, and social viability of Pinetox within the Kelantan context. Findings indicate that Kelantan has substantial raw material availability for Pinetox production, with strengths rooted in its strong halal and herbal traditions, as well as government support for agro-based entrepreneurship. The initiative aligns with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 12 on responsible consumption and production by reducing agricultural waste and creating new income streams for smallholders. Nonetheless, challenges remain, including limited nutraceutical-grade processing infrastructure, regulatory compliance requirements, and consumer scepticism regarding detox claims. Overall, Pinetox demonstrates promising potential to transform agricultural waste into value-added products, contributing both to sustainability and rural economic development.