Fecal microbiota transplantation as a novel approach for Clostridium difficile infection: A review

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) remains a leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis, especially within healthcare environments. The growing frequency of recurrent and antibiotic-resistant CDI presents a considerable challenge to treatment efforts. Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has gained recognition as a highly effective treatment for recurrent or treatment-resistant CDI by reestablishing a healthy gut microbiota. This review examines the underlying mechanisms, risk factors, diagnostic methods, and available treatments for CDI, with particular emphasis on the clinical effectiveness and safety of FMT. Clinical evidence consistently demonstrates that FMT is more effective in preventing recurrence than standard antibiotic therapies. Additionally, the review discusses the historical development of FMT, procedural techniques, donor screening practices, and its potential use in other conditions related to microbiota imbalance. In summary, FMT offers a promising, safe, and cost-efficient option for managing recurrent CDI, although further research and standardized protocols are necessary for broader clinical implementation