Biological Control of Plant Disease: Role of Beneficial Microorganisms in Horticulture

Biological control using beneficial microorganisms to suppress plant diseases is increasingly central to sustainable horticulture. This article explores the major groups of microbial allies (bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes and yeasts), their modes of action, practical application methods and how growers can integrate them into everyday crop management. Emphasis is placed on realistic benefits, limitations and on-farm considerations: formulation stability, environmental sensitivity, timing of application and compatibility with other practices. A practical table lists 20 widely used beneficial microbes, their targets and common use methods to help practitioners choose appropriate agents. The tone is practical and grower-focused: biologicals are powerful tools, not magic bullets they work best when chosen and applied thoughtfully and when combined with good sanitation, cultivar choice and integrated pest management. This article closes with pragmatic recommendations for horticulturists who want to add microbial biocontrol to their toolbox.