Most common skin infections among athletes- literature review

Abstract: Purpose of Research: The aim of this review article is to provide an overview of the most common skin infections affecting athletes, with a focus on their prevalence, etiology, clinical characteristics, prevention strategies, and treatment options. Research Materials and Methods: This review is based on a systematic analysis of scientific literature published on PubMed. The review synthesizes data from both Polish and international contexts, with particular attention to high-risk groups such as wrestlers and youth athletes. Discussion: Skin infections in athletes are common, particularly in contact sports such as wrestling, where skin-to-skin contact, sweating, and minor injuries are frequent. Bacterial infections, especially those caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), account for the majority of cases, followed by fungal infections (Tinea corporis and capitis) and viral infections such as herpes gladiatorum (HSV-1). These infections can spread quickly within teams and facilities, leading to time lost from training and competition, stigmatization, and even serious systemic complications in severe cases. Risk factors include inadequate hygiene practices, shared equipment, compromised skin integrity, and lack of awareness. Conclusion: Skin infections represent a significant and often underestimated burden in the sports environment. Effective prevention requires a multifactorial approach combining hygiene protocols, athlete education, and medical surveillance. Coaches, medical personnel, and athletes themselves must remain vigilant to recognize early signs of infection and respond appropriately. Enhancing awareness and standardizing prevention practices are critical to reducing transmission, minimizing health risks, and ensuring the well-being and performance of athletes.