Evolution and Current Landscape of Clinical Pharmacy in India: Challenges and Prospects

Clinical pharmacy in India has undergone a significant transformation since the introduction of the Doctor ofPharmacy (PharmD) program in 2008, shifting from traditional dispensing roles to patient-centred care. This articleexplores the historical evolution, current status, key challenges, and future opportunities for clinical pharmacy in thecountry. Despite progress in education and isolated implementations in private hospitals, the profession facesbarriers such as limited recognition, inadequate infrastructure, and regulatory gaps. Opportunities lie in integratingclinical pharmacists into national health programs, enhancing pharmacovigilance, and leveraging ambulatory careto address medication errors and non-communicable diseases. Drawing on recent studies, the review highlights theneed for policy reforms, curriculum updates, and interprofessional collaboration to elevate clinical pharmacy's rolein India's healthcare system. With a burgeoning population and rising healthcare demands, clinical pharmacists couldsubstantially reduce drug-related problems and improve patient outcomes.