Una Nueva Relación entre el Estado Mexicano y los Pueblos Indígenas y Afromexicanos desde las Asambleas Comunitarias

The September 30, 2024 reform to Article 2 of the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States recognizes Indigenous and Afro-Mexican peoples as subjects of public law with legal personality and their own assets. In doing so, the State acknowledges not only their legal existence but also their capacity to act independently within the constitutional framework, exercise their rights, assume obligations, and manage their assets autonomously. Within this context, community assemblies play a central role as instruments of participatory democracy, where communities engage in collective reflection and, through horizontal participation, make decisions aimed at the common good—particularly in response to projects and decisions designed by the State that affect their collective life. This paper seeks to contribute to the analysis of the role of community assemblies in building a new relationship between Indigenous and Afro-Mexican peoples and the State, highlighting their significance as spaces of collective self-determination and as channels for dialogue and external engagement.