Evaluación de Técnicas Quirúrgicas Mínimamente Invasivas en Ortopedia: Revisión Sistemática

This review article aims to evaluate minimally invasive surgical techniques (MIST) applied in the field of orthopedics, analyzing their effectiveness, safety, applicability, and sustainability in comparison to conventional surgical procedures. The PRISMA methodology was employed, enabling a systematic search and selection of scientific studies published between 2015 and 2025 in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library. A total of 48 studies met strict eligibility and methodological quality criteria. The results were organized into six analytical categories: type of surgical technique, anatomical region involved, clinical outcomes, complications, surgical and hospital duration, and cost-effectiveness. Findings show that MIST offer significant clinical benefits, including reduced postoperative pain, faster functional recovery, shorter hospital stays, and lower complication rates. However, challenges such as the learning curve, high technological cost, and limited accessibility in low-resource settings were also identified. It is concluded that MIST represent a major advancement in modern orthopedic surgery, though their implementation must be context-sensitive, ethical, and grounded in solid scientific evidence.