Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) in New Brunswick’s Justice System: Exploring the Dynamic Interplay of knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) Among Justice Professionals

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is a diagnostic term describing the lifelong impacts of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE). As one of Canada’s most prevalent neurodevelopmental disabilities, FASD conservatively affects approximately 4% of the population. PAE disrupts development, increasing susceptibility to adverse childhood events (ACEs) and poor life outcomes such as mental health challenges and disrupted schooling experiences, which, when left unsupported, can contribute to pathways to criminal legal involvement. Despite the overrepresentation of individuals with FASD in criminal legal settings, gaps persist between knowledge and practice. In New Brunswick (NB), where FASD-related funding, research, and resources are limited, individuals with FASD face amplified challenges. Addressing regional disparities is crucial to mitigate inequities for justice-involved individuals with FASD. The current study investigates gaps in understanding and supports for justice-involved individuals with FASD. The study addresses the following question: What do justice professionals in NB know, think, and do about FASD? Data collection included a 10–12-minute online Qualtrics survey and 30–45-minute online interviews. Surveys explored justice professionals’ knowledge, attitudes, practices, and knowledge-sharing preferences, while interviews provided nuanced insights and in-depth contextualization. Survey respondents and interviewees revealed discrepancies in FASD-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Findings will inform the NB FASD Centre of Excellence’s plans to advocate for and advance FASD-informed policies in NB, such as mandatory training for justice professionals. Collaborating with interest-holders ensures policy relevance and meaningful support for individuals with FASD, fostering an equitable and inclusive justice system.