Falla ovárica prematura: revisión integral de su etiología, diagnóstico y abordaje terapéutico actual

Introduction: Premature ovarian failure (POF), also known as primary ovarian insufficiency, is a multifactorial gynecological disorder characterized by the loss of ovarian function before the age of 40. Timely diagnosis is essential to mitigate its endocrine, reproductive, skeletal, cardiovascular, and psychosocial consequences. Objective: To provide a comprehensive and updated review of POF, focusing on its pathophysiology, diagnostic and therapeutic approach, and the specific challenges faced by the Mexican health system regarding its detection and management. Methods: A narrative review was conducted using PubMed, Scielo, and LILACS databases with the following descriptors: “primary ovarian insufficiency”, “premature ovarian failure”, “female infertility”, “hormone replacement therapy”, and “reproductive health in Mexico”. Results: POF affects approximately 1% of women of reproductive age. Its main causes include genetic, autoimmune, iatrogenic, and idiopathic factors. Hormone replacement therapy is the cornerstone of treatment, but timely and equitable access to specialized care remains limited in the Mexican context. Conclusions: POF is a condition with broad clinical implications. Early diagnosis, improved access to assisted reproductive technologies, and the strengthening of public policies are essential to ensure comprehensive care for young women with this condition in Mexico.