Relación de la postura corporal y su maloclusión. Revisión de la literatura

The aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship between dental malocclusion and body posture by means of a review of the literature using a descriptive and non-experimental documentary approach. Scientific articles published between 2013 and 2023 were collected, using databases such as PubMed, SciELO, Medigraphic and Google Scholar. Rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, using descriptors such as “dental malocclusion”, “body posture” and “jaw” (Ulloa López, 2024). The results evidence a bidirectional relationship between malocclusions, especially Class II and III, and postural alterations in the craniocervical region, such as hyperlordosis or verticalization of the cervical spine (Morgado, 2018; Laskowska et al., 2019). Likewise, it was identified that children and adolescents are the groups most vulnerable to these alterations, and that the position of the head and jaw significantly influences the distribution of muscle tension (Smailienė et al., 2017; Marini et al., 2013). The review concludes that a comprehensive approach that includes both orthodontic treatment and postural physiotherapy is essential, given that dysfunctions of the stomatognathic system can affect overall body posture (Michalakis et al., 2019; Aguilar & Toboada, 2013).