The necessity of explaining the form in the interaction of structure and architecture (case study: Barsian Jame Mosque, Mossali Tehran and Al-Ghadir Mosque)

Aims:The shaping of form in architecture is the result of various functional, economic, social, cultural, climatic, and environmental factors, as well as construction and stability conditions. Stability plays a fundamental role in the shaping of form and its resistance to environmental factors, as it ensures the overall stability of the architectural form. Therefore, the position and importance of the structure in design and its role in shaping the form is a subject that must be studied due to its significance. Although form is considered the manifestation of architecture, its formation is dependent on and connected to the structure. Thus, the structure and its concepts and methods play a primary role in creating the form. The aim of this research is to provide solutions to enhance the interaction between architectural form and structure by explaining qualitative parameters in the evaluation of buildings. Methodology: The method of this research is descriptive and content analysis. Finding:The results show that in traditional architecture, the proportion of type, shape, size, and arrangement of structural elements with the form was well observed. Shape and form relied on each other and ensured each other’s stability. The proportion of the structure with the functional needs of the form (dome house, arched elements, corner construction of the three-corner type, kilil-type arches, load-bearing and decorative elements of the pointed type) is in a harmonious and integrated combination with the structural components. In the participation of form decorations, geometric patterns in form decorations were consistent with the geometry of the flow of forces in the structure. However, in the contemporary period, the lack of participation of the structure in the visual expression of the form, the separate and inconsistent design of form and structure, covering and decorating the structure with form elements, and consequently not understanding the behavior of the structure in the building, designing the structure, and even in some cases, the low efficiency of the structure are noted. Conclusion: In past architecture, the highest duty of the architect was to recognize, understand, and spatially visualize the static and dynamic forces in the load-bearing body of the building, which with complete mastery, precisely specified the proportions and dimensions of the filled and empty parts.