Impairments of Language and Communication in the Different Phases of Schizophrenia

Abstract: Introduction: Language impairment is common in patients with schizophrenia. Objectives: To identify the different language impairments present at each stage of schizophrenia. Methods: We conducted a literature search using the PubMed database for papers published between 2013 and 2023. Results: We included 37 articles. The language domains most affected are pragmatics (the relationship between language and context, involving parameters such as coherence) and figurative language. The initial phases (high-risk, prodromal, and first episode) often demonstrate subtle language disorganization, while the acute phases demonstrate heightened abnormal language use in various language domains. The chronic phases demonstrate fragmented speech patterns. Conclusions: Further studies on the topic are required. Progress in artificial intelligence and greater awareness among the general population and healthcare workers should be implemented into clinical practice. Keywords: clinical high-risk, chronic, first episode, prodromal, psychosis