Preface - Neutrosophic Sets and Systems, {Special Issue: Neutrosophic and Plithogenic Approaches in Data Science and Multivariate Analysis: Contributions from the IX Ibero-American Biometry Meeting}, Vol. 89, 2025

It is both an honor and a pleasure to present this special issue, “Neutrosophic and Plithogenic Approaches in Data Science and Multivariate Analysis: Contributions from the IX Ibero-American Biometry Meeting.” This volume brings together a selection of the most outstanding works related to neutrosophic approaches presented at the conference—an important scientific event held in the vibrant city of Quito, Ecuador, which brought together over 250 experts from 13 countries, including Spain, Portugal, the United States, Colombia, Mexico, Argentina, and Chile, during its productive sessions on July 8–9, 2025.