Intervenciones no Farmacológicas en el Manejo de la Ansiedad Preoperatoria en Niños. Una Revisión de Alcance

There are doubts about the most recent strategies applied in preoperative anxiolysis in children, for this reason a scoping review was carried out with the aim of mapping the available bibliographic evidence on non-pharmacological interventions in the management of preoperative anxiety with a patient coping approach. Methodology: A search was conducted applying the PRISMA - ScR and Arksey and O'Malley models in the Pubmed, LILACS, Scopus, Science direct and Pringer Link databases, only 12 articles met the eligibility criteria, data were extracted and results were presented narratively. Results: The best non-pharmacological measures that promote coping in the pre-anesthetic context are: 1. Playful activity in a playroom, adapted readings and drawings, 2. hypnosis added to drug therapy, 3. interactive games, among others. These practices resulted in a significant reduction in anxiety levels in the groups treated, averaging 5-15 points on the mYPAS scale. It was concluded that interventions with educational materials can familiarize children with the surgical process, reduce fear, and improve adherence during anesthesia induction.