Desafíos y Oportunidades de la Inteligencia Artificial en la Educación Superior Ecuatoriana

This review article aims to analyze the challenges and opportunities presented by artificial intelligence (AI) in Ecuadorian higher education, considering its impact on pedagogical processes, institutional management, and teacher training. To this end, the PRISMA methodology was applied, with a qualitative approach and a systematic review of 25 scientific studies published between 2020 and 2024 in academic databases such as Scopus, Scielo, Redalyc, and Dialnet. The analysis was structured around five categories: teacher training, technological infrastructure, digital divide, institutional governance, and ethics in the use of AI. The findings reveal significant progress in the adoption of intelligent technologies, especially in private universities, although limitations in connectivity, institutional policies, and teacher competencies persist. Additionally, key opportunities were identified in learning personalization, the development of intelligent tutoring systems, and the improvement of academic decision-making. However, ethical challenges also emerge, related to data protection, equitable access, and algorithmic transparency. It is concluded that, to ensure the effective implementation of AI, it is necessary to strengthen teacher training, improve digital infrastructure, and promote inclusive and ethical governance.